Tag: foods

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Cocoa wine

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Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (C.R.I.N.), is a federal establishment that researches various aspects related to the production of cocoa, cashew and coffee in some parts of Nigeria.

The areas focussed upon include types of soil, seedlings, planting, nurturing, harvesting and
processing of the researched items.
Prominent among the departments that conduct these researches are Soil and Chemistry, Plant Pathology, Biochemistry and Agronomy departments.

For close to two years I worked as an Assistant Technical Officer in the Soil and Chemistry department before proceeding to the university, to further my studies.
It is in this department that titrations are done to determine the percentage of different mineral contents of various types of soil suitable for the growth of cocoa, cashew and coffee seedlings.
When harvested, cocoa beans are processed into cocoa wine either via standard procedures in the biochemistry laboratory or brewed locally on the plantation.
For commercial purposes, cocoa wines of various

flavours and colours are produced in the biochemistry laboratory.

Fresh cocoa wine is made locally on the farm by scooping out the cocoa beans and the juicy pulp out of the pods into a plastic bowl which is then covered with banana leaves. It is allowed to ferment for one week, turning it four times daily during the fermentation.
The pulp is transformed into alcohol which seeps out of the sieved bowl to the bottom of a glass container.
The recovered alcoholic beverage is filtered in a clean cloth and left to ferment for three hours. Thereafter the tasty white cocoa wine is served and enjoyed.

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The importance of a manufacturer’s manual.

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Taking the pains to understand the instructions in a manufacturer’s manual before operating a device or an equipment could save money, time or even life. Every device or equipment is accompanied by the manufacturer’s manual. The manufacturer has a picture of the finished product in his mind before starting the manufacturing process. Therefore the use to which a product is put is determined by the manufacturer, not by the end-user. A product could be damaged or become harmful to an operator when the manufacturer’s instructions on how to operate it are not carefully followed. A buyer could also forfeit the warranty on the product. Abuse is inevitable when the purpose of a thing is not known. For example, no matter how much a beautifully designed and expensive ballpen resembles a spatula, it cannot spatulate like a cheap wooden spatula because their functions are differently determined by their manufacturer.

On average, a mobile phone is designed to perform the following eight functions- voice communication, exchanging e-mails, internet browsing, PDA(personal digital assistance), SMS (short message service for text messaging), digital camera, watching the video and listening to music. But today, due to limited understanding of the instructions in manufacturers’ manuals multiplied millions of mobile phone users across the globe limit the use of their handsets to voice communication, SMS (short message service for text messaging) and listening to music. In the same tone, disregarding the manufacturer’s instruction to insert a small firing pin renders an armoured tank useless. The applications are numerous and they all underscore the importance of the need to always pay attention to the instructions and guidance in a manufacturer’s manual.

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Is my toothbrush good?

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A toothbrush is a small brush with a long handle that is used to clean teeth. It was first mass-produced by William Addis in England. For most people, a soft-bristled toothbrush will be the most comfortable and safest choice. A medium to the hard-bristled toothbrush could be traumatic to the gum and increase the rate at which tooth enamel surfaces are rubbed off. The handle of a good toothbrush should be able to withstand normal use. Regular and correct tooth brushing reduces plaque build-up and gum disease in their early stages. Electric toothbrushes cost more than manual types. Some people don’t like the vibratory feeling of an electric toothbrush while others find it easier to use. Vigorous toothbrushing can damage one’s teeth and gum. A powered toothbrush may make it easier for you to be gentle on your teeth and gum and also get them cleaned at the same time. There is no significant difference in effectiveness when using an electric or a manual toothbrush in their ability to remove plaque and prevent gum diseases. A toothbrush should be replaced when the bristles are no longer even when viewed horizontally at the level of one’s eyes.

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The golden rules.

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If dental diseases are to be prevented, patients must both understand the causes of dental diseases and genuinely want to achieve perfect dental health via the application of this knowledge.

Every individual must regularly assess himself to determine whether he is adequately motivated and also take into account factors that can occasionally affect the status of the tissues holding his teeth in place.

Everybody must strive to understand the purpose of plaque control and be trained in how to achieve and maintain it on a day-to-day basis. Regardless of the sacrifices involved, people should have a strong and genuine desire to retain a healthy dentition. Regular checks should be made on the thoroughness of brushing. Retraining should be given at intervals and patients encouraged constantly. While dentists must carry out meticulously careful supervision of plaque control and watch for the slightest signs of failure or the onset of gum infections, the hygienist must carry out a skilful and careful scaling and polishing of the teeth. Factors contributing to stagnation and accumulation of plaques should as far as possible be eliminated. Ancillary measures are the use of wood points and flossing of interdental surfaces, and these should be practised regularly as occasion demands.

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What is the way out?

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The adage which says prevention is better than cure still stands tall in the order of available steps to be taken to minimize or avoid dental problems. For example, a child’s teeth start forming while the baby is still in the mother’s womb. Therefore a baby whose mother is on a balanced diet during pregnancy will benefit from the mother’s nutrients and vitamins such that even its set of milk teeth will be hard and resistant to caries. When such teeth are properly maintained they are also succeeded by strong permanent teeth. A simple rule worth remembering is that the same food that is good for the body is good for the teeth. Foods can generally be classified into “grow”, “glow” and “go” types. “Grow foods” are bodybuilders which supply the protein requirements of the body. “Glow foods” are protective. They supply vitamins and minerals to the body. “Go foods” are concentrated energy foods that supply the calories required to make one active all day.